風機的用途及特點
Y5-48型離心引風機，一般用於配有省煤器（預熱器）和消煙除塵裝置的1～20t/h工業鍋爐選用。凡進氣條件相近。性能又相適應者均可選用，但最高進氣溫度不得超過250℃。
在引風機前必須加裝除塵效率不低於85%的除塵裝置，以降低進入風機的煙氣含塵量，不但減少了煙氣對環境污染，而且降低了煙塵對風機的磨損，有利提高風機的使用壽命。
風機的型式
1、 風機製成單吸入，常用機號有№4、4.5、5、6、6.3、8、9、10、12.5、14、14.5、16等，共10多個機號。
2、 風機可製成右旋轉或左旋轉兩種型式，從傳動組部正視風機，如葉輪順時針旋轉稱為順時針旋轉風機即右旋風機，以“右”表示，逆時針旋轉，稱為逆時針旋轉風機即左旋風機，以“左”表示。
3、 風機的出口位置以機殼的出風口角度表示，“順”“逆”均可製成0°、45°、90°、135°、180°、225°、270°共7種角度。
4、 該風機的傳動方式有A、C、D三種：
A一表示風機軸盤通過鍵槽安裝在電機軸伸上，即電機直插；
C一表示懸臂支承裝置，皮帶傳動，但是皮帶輪在軸承外側；
D一表示懸臂支承裝置，用聯軸器聯接驅動。
風機的結構
該風機主要由機殼、葉輪、進風口、傳動組、支架等部件組成。
機殼：由普通鋼板焊接成蝸形殼整體。
葉輪：風機葉片為12片后向單板葉片，減少氣流衝擊，穩定性好，電動機不易過載，大大延長了風機使用壽命。該型風機壓力係數高、周速低、噪聲小，因而實用性好。葉輪經靜、動平衡校正和超速運轉實驗，運轉平穩可靠。
進風口：做成收斂式流線型的整體結構，用螺栓固定在風機入口側。
調節門：用來調節風機流量的裝置，軸向安裝在進風口前面。調節範圍由0°（全開）到90°（全閉）。調節門的扳把位置，從進風口方向看在右側，對右旋風機扳把由下往上推是由全閉到全開方向，對左旋風機，扳把由上往下拉是由全閉到全開方向。
傳動組：由主軸、軸承箱、聯軸器（皮帶輪）等部件組成，主軸由優質鋼製成，軸承箱為整體結構，採用滾動軸承，滾動軸承用軸承潤滑脂潤滑。
防漏油軸承箱，採用搭接式甩油環將高速旋轉的軸承帶起的油甩至軸承箱內壁流回油池；半開式鋁質油封除方便檢修和防止摩擦事故外，可沿軸向增大阻力將部分稀油截回油池；外側壓盤根是將少量的稀油擋住；軸承箱上部設有通氣塞減小了軸承箱里的微正壓，保証不漏油，防塵性能好。
傳動部分的主軸由優質鋼製成，本風機均採用滾動軸承，採用L-AN46機械油潤滑。
該風機為整體或分體組裝式：該風機的分解組裝為多個組件，以便運輸及安裝。
該風機安裝及檢修方便。該風機有兩部完整的底座機殼及傳動組，機殼有中分面或立分面，拆裝特別方便，轉子可垂直吊出，如只更換葉輪時也可軸向拆裝。
傳動方式：該風機為懸臂結構、佈置方便，皮帶輪聯接傳動，均勻傳遞轉矩，減小振動使風機運行可靠。
風機的性能與選擇
風機的性能：風機的性能以風機的流量、全壓、主軸轉速，軸功率等參數表示。選擇曲線與性能表中所給出的性能。送風機性能：t=200℃、大氣壓力Pa=101325Pa 、氣體密度ρ＝0.745Kg/m³空氣介質計算。（其他設計均按使用參數進行相似換算）
選擇曲線與性能表中性能均指調節葉片為全開0℃時的性能。訂貨時以性能表為準。風機性能試驗全壓值的偏差不超過設計全壓值的5%。
如風機使用條件與上述不符時，性能應按相關公式進行換算。
流量過多或不足時的處理。在使用時，常常發生流量過多或不足的現象，產生這種現象的原因很多，如果是在使用過程中發生流量時大時小的現象，主要是由於管網中的阻力時大時小。如果是在使用過程中，經過較長時間逐漸減少，主要是由於管網堵塞。
在風機新安裝后，進行正式運轉時就發生流量過大或不足現象的原因主要有下列幾點：
1、管網阻力實際值與計算值相差過大。
由一般管網特性方程式：P=Kq²，式中K—阻力係數。
如實際值K小於計算值K時，則流量增大，若實際值K大於計算值K，則流量減小。
2、選擇時未考慮風機本身全壓值編差δP的影響，當風機實際全壓為正偏差時，則流量增大；為負偏差時，則流量減小。
在風機新安裝后開始正式運轉時，或在使用過程中發生流量過大或過小時，可採用下列方法之一消除之；
利用增減風機的轉速調節流量。
利用調換新的壓力較高或低的風機以增減流量。
改變管網阻力係數K以改變流量。
此時可設法改變管網使阻力係數減小以增加流量，也可增加風機轉速和調換壓力較高的風機，但轉速不得大於性能表中最大轉速。
風機的外型及基礎
Y5-48風機外型及基礎見附圖
風機的安裝與使用
安裝前：應對風機各部件進行全面檢查，機件是否完整，葉輪與機殼的旋轉方向是否一致，各部聯接是否緊密，葉輪、主軸、軸承等主要機件有無損傷。傳動組是否靈活等。
安裝時：注意檢查機殼，機殼內不應有掉入或遺留的工具或雜物，在一些結合面上為了防止生鏽，減少拆卸困難，應塗上一層潤滑脂或機械油，風機與地基結合面和風機與進出風管道聯接面應調整使之自然吻合，不得強行聯接，更不許將管道重量加在風機各部件上，並注意保証風機的水平位置。
安裝要求：
1、 按圖紙所示的位置與尺寸安裝，為確保高效率，特別要保証進風口與葉輪的軸向和徑向間隙尺寸（出廠前已調整好）。
2、 安裝后試撥葉輪，檢查是否有過緊或與固定部分磨擦現象。
3、 全部安裝完畢，總檢合格后，才能進行風機的試運轉。
4、 為防止電機過載燒燬，在風機啟動時，必須在無載荷（將進風閥門關閉，出風閥門稍開）的情況下進行，如情況良好，逐步開啟閥門，直到達到額定工況為止。在運轉過程中應嚴格控制電流，不得超標。
風機的操作
風機啟動前，應進行下列準備工作。
(1) 將進口閥門關閉，出口閥門稍開。
(2) “點車”查看風機及其系統有無異聲、異振，如有應排除之，如無，點車時間逐漸拉長，直至正常運行。
(3) 風機啟動達到正常轉速時，應在運轉過程中經常檢查軸承溫度是否正常，當軸承溫度沒有特殊要求時，軸承溫升不得超過環境溫度40℃，軸承部分的均方根振動速度值不得大於6.3m/S。如發現風機有劇烈的振動、撞擊、軸承溫升迅速上升等到現象時，則必須緊急停車。
風機的維護
（1） 風機及其系統不許帶病運行。
（2） 風機應由專人保管，專人使用。
（3） 定期清除風機內部積灰，污垢等雜質，並防止生鏽。
（4） 風機的維護必須在停機斷電時進行。
（5） 在修理風機時電機開關須有專人監護或上鎖。
（6） 對溫度計及油標的靈敏性應定期檢查。
（7） 在風機開車、停車或運轉過程中，如發現不正常時應立即進行檢查，若是小故障應及時查明原因設法排除。若發現大故障應立即停車檢修。
（8） 除每次拆修后更換潤滑油外，還應定期更換潤滑油。
風機的主要故障及原因
1、 風機劇烈振動
（1） 風機軸與電機軸不同心。
（2） 機殼與葉輪或進風口與葉輪摩擦。
（3） 基礎的剛度不夠或不牢固。
（4） 葉輪鉚釘鬆動或葉輪變形。
（5） 葉輪軸盤孔與軸配合鬆動。
（6） 機殼、軸承座與支架，軸承座與軸承蓋等聯接螺栓鬆動。
（7） 風機口、出風管道安裝不良，產生共振。
（8） 葉片有積灰、污垢、葉片磨損、葉片變形、軸彎曲等原因使轉子不平衡。
2、 軸承溫升過高
（1） 軸承箱劇烈振動；
（2） 潤滑劑質量不良、變質或含有灰塵、砂粒、污垢等雜質或填充量不足；
（3） 軸承箱蓋、座聯接螺栓之緊力過大或過小；
（4） 軸與滾動軸承裝歪斜、前後兩軸承不同心；
（5） 滾動軸承損坏或軸彎曲；
3、 電機電流過大或電機溫升過高
（1） 開車時進、出氣管道閘門未關；
（2） 電機輸入電壓低或電源單相斷電；
（3） 受軸承箱劇烈振動的影響；
（4） 主軸轉速超過額定值。
訂貨需知
訂貨時請註明風機型號、機號、流量、全壓、輸送介質、使用溫度、出口角度及旋轉方向等。
如用戶之需要與本說明書提供性能不符時，請與本廠設計部門聯繫特殊設計。
Purpose and characteristics of the fan
Model Y5-48 centrifugal fan is generally used for1-20t/h industrial boilers with provincial gas(preheater) and dust removal equipment. If the inlet condition is similar, the performance and the adaptor can be used. The temperature of the delivered medium shall normally not exceed 250℃ (not exceed 300℃ maximum).
In front of the induced draft fan must be equipped with dust removal efficiency of not less than 85% so the dust removal device, in order to reduce the flue gas dust content into the fan, not only reduce the flue gas to the environment pollution, and reduce the smoke on fan wear, favorable to improve the service life of fan.
Type of fan
1. The fan is made as a single suction and its driving is A type. There are more than 10 types of fan numbers which are4、4.5、5、6、6.3、8、9、10、12.5、14、14.5、、and 16.
2. The fan can be made of 2 types of rotation i.e, right and left. Viewing from one end of the motor, it is called as clock-wise fan if the impeller rotates clock-wise, shown as “right”, On the contrary, it is called as counter-clock-wise fan if the impeller rotates counter-clock-wise, shown as “left”.
3. The outlet position of the fan can be expressed from the outlet angle of the casing. It can be made 7 kinds of angles which are 0°, 45°,90°, 135°,180°,225°, 270°，from both “Right” and “left”.
4. There are 3 driving modes: A, C, D:
A—Shaft disc of fan is installed on motor shaft by keyway, i.e. motor directly connecting;
C—Cantilever bearing unit, belt driving, but the pulley is outside the bearing;
D—Cantilever bearing unit, coupling directly driving.
Structure of the fan
The fan mainly consists of impeller, casing inlet, Driving and Bracket unit.
Casing: to be welded into a volute with normal steel plate.
Impeller: The fan blade is made up of 12 backward single leaf blades, which reduces the impact of the air flow, has good stability , and the motor is not easy to overload, which greatly prolongs the service life of the fan. This type of fan has high pressure coefficient, low speed and low noise, so its practicability is good. The maximum circumference speed of impeller diffuser shall not exceed 140m/s. The impeller, after being shaped, shall be balanced statically and dynamicaly and thus it guarantees a smooth operation.
Inlet: to be integrated into a convergent streamlined structure and bolted on the inlet side of fan.
Adjusting valve: a device used to regulate the flow rate of the fan, which is mounted at the front of the inlet. The adjustment range is from 0 degrees (full open) to 90 degrees (full closed). The switch position of the door is adjusted from the inlet direction to the right, and the right whirlwind machine is pulled from down to up direction from the bottom to the full open direction. For the left whirlfan , the wrench is pulled up from the top to the full open direction.
Driving unit—it consists of shaft, bearing box, rolling bearing, belt pulley or coupling.
Leakproof oil bearing box, the use of a joint type of oil ring to swing the high-speed rotating bearing oil to the inner wall of the bearing box flow back to the oil pool; In addition to convenient maintenance and preventing friction accidents, semi-open aluminum oil seal can be used to cut back some of the dilute oil along the shaft. The lateral pressure plate root blocks a small amount of dilute oil; The upper part of the bearing box is equipped with a ventilation plug to reduce the micro-positive pressure in the bearing box, ensuring no oil leakage and good dust protection performance.
Th e main shaft of the transmission part is made of high-quality steel. The fans are all rolling bearings and are lubricated with L-AN46 mechanical oil.
The fan is integrated or partitioned: the fan is disassembled and assembled into multiple components for transportation and installation.
The fan is convenient for installation and repair. The fan has two complete base shell and transmission group. The shell has a middle or vertical side. The disassembly is particularly convenient. The rotor can be lifted vertically. If only the impeller is replaced, it can also be disassembled axially.
Transmission mode: The fan is cantilever structure, convenient layout, belt wheel connection transmission, uniform transmission
Performance and selection of the fan
Performance of the fan:The performance of the fan is expressed by the parameters of fan flow, full pressure, spindle speed, shaft power and so on. Performance curve and the performance of the performance given in the table. Blower performance:200 degrees Celsius, atmospheric pressure is 101325 Pascal,Gas density is 0.745kg/m³, calculation and calculation of air medium. (Other designs are similar to the use of parameters.)
The performance of both the selection curve and the performance table refers to the performance of adjusting the blade to a full 0 degree centigrade. When ordering the performance table shall prevail. Fan performance test total pressure value of 5% of the total pressure deviation is less than design value.
Such as fan using condition does not accord with the above, the performance shall be carried out according to the related formula conversion.
When excessive or insufficient flow of processing. When use, often occur the phenomenon of excessive or insufficient flow, produce a lot of reasons for this phenomenon, if it is in use process flow occurs when small phenomenon, is mainly due to the resistance of pipe network. If it is in use process, after a long time to reduce gradually, mainly due to network congestion.
After the fan is a new installation, a formal operation occurs when the flow phenomenon of excessive or insufficient reason mainly has the following points:
1. The actual value and calculating value difference is too large in the resistance of pipelines.
By the general network characteristic equation: P = Kq2, type of K - drag coefficient.
If the actual value K is less than the calculated value K, increases the flow, if the actual value K is greater than the calculated value K, the flow decreases.
2. when the choice is not the fan itself fully considering the influence of the pressure deviation of δP, when the fan actual total pressure for positive deviation, then the flow; Negative deviation, the flow rate decreases.
Began formal operation after fan is a new installation, or in use process flow is too big or too small, one of the following methods can be used to eliminate it.
Make use of the fan speed adjusting flow increase or decrease.
Using the new high or low pressure switch to increase or decrease in flow rate of fan.
Change the pipeline resistance coefficient K to change traffic.
At this time to try to change the network reduce drag coefficient to increase traffic, also can increase the fan rotation speed and changing the high pressure fan, but speed shall not be greater than the maximum speed performance table.
The basis and the shape of the fan
Y5-48 type fan shape and see the appended drawings
Installation and operation of the fan
Before installation: Check all components of the fan to see weather any thing is missed; weather the impeller rotates in the same direction as the casing; weather all components are connected tightly and weather the impeller rotates freely.
During installation: Pay attention to check the casing and any tools or goods should not be dropped and remained inside the casing. The connecting face between the support of the fan and the foundation or between pads and foundation should be tight. Adjusting should be made to joint the fan with foundation surface and to connect the fan with suction, discharge duct naturally. Forced assembling, especially, applying weight of pipes on any components of the fan isimpermissible. Also, attention shall be paid to the horizontality of the fan.
Requirement of installation:
1. Install the fan according to the position and sizes shown on the drawing. To insure high efficiency, radial and axial clearances between inlet and impeller must be guaranteed.
2. After installation, turn, with a little force, the driving rotor to see if it is over tight or touched with stationary components.
3. Commission Can only be carried out after the unit is through the final inspection.
4. In order to prevent the motor being burnt out due to overloading, the fan can only be started up and tested without loading. If the case is ok, increase the load step by step until the rated operating condition is reached. Control the current strictly during operation to prevent it exceeding the rated value.
Operation of the fan:
Before starting-up, the following preparations shall be made:
1) Close the valve of suction pipe and open a little the valve on discharge pipe.
2) Check the rotating and non –rotating parts to prevent colliding and friction.
3) After the fan is started-up and the normal speed is reached, check the bearing temperature is normal or not during the operation. If there is no special requirement for bearing temperature, the temperature rise of the bearing shall not exceed 40℃ of surrounding temperature. The value of even root vibration speed of the bearing shall comply with the following rules: rigid support(support is fixed on the foundation) Vrms≤4.6mm/s; flexible support(be set onfoundation or floor through absorber) Vrms≤7.1mm/s. In case that severe vibration, colliding, quick rise of bearing temperature and other abnormal phenomena are found, stop the fan immediately.
Maintenance of the fan
1. Don’t allow fan with trouble running.
2. Don’t freely change the maintenance person, specific person operating and repair the fan is preferred.
3. Regularly remove dust, contamination and the foreign materials and prevent rust .
4. Maintenance can be carried out during shut down of fan to assure operators safety.
5. When the fan is repaired, the motor switch must be monitored or locked.
6. Inspect the thermometer and oil indicator regularly.
7. During the star-up, shut-down or operation of the fan, if some abnormal thing happens, inspections shall be carried out immediately; if it is small failure, the reason shall be checked out and eliminated, if it is a big failure, the fan shall be stopped and inspection and maintenance shall be made immediately.
8. Except replacing the lubricant after overall, replace the lubricating oil periodically.
The main failure and reason of the fan
1) severe vibration of the fan
① friction between casing (or suction unit)and impeller.
② Foundation is not rigid enough or firm enough.
③ loosing of rivets in impeller or deformation of impeller.
④ Loose match of shaft with impeller disc
⑤ Loose of connecting bolts between casing and support, and between motor and support.
⑥ The installation of inlet and outlet ducts is improper which causes the casing deformation and resonance.
⑦ Rotor unbalance caused by dust, contamination on blades, wear of blades, deformation of impeller and bending of shaft.
2) High rise of bearing temperature
①severe vibration
② lubricant is poor in quality, deteriorated, mixed with dust, sand, contamination and etc, or insufficient in quantity.
③Wornout of rolling bearing
3) Overcurrent and high temperature rise in motor.
① The valves on inlet and outlet pipes are not closed completely when starting-up.
② Input voltage is low or a single phase of power supply is cot out.
③ Influence caused by severe vibration
④ The speed of main shaft is bigger than the rated value.
Purchase information
When ordering, please the fan type, machine number, flow rate, full pressure, the transmission medium, the use of temperature, exit angle and rotation direction,etc..
If the user′s needs are not in conformity with the specifications provided in this manual, please contact the design department of our factory for special design.
